Management Principles & Policies Chapter 2
Discipline: Management
Type of Paper: Question-Answer
Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Paper Format: APA
Pages: 1
Words: 275
Question
Management Principles & Policies Chapter 2
Evidence based management means
translating principles based on best evidence into organizational
practice, bringing rationality to the decision making process
Two Perspectives of Management Historical. The historical perspective includes three viewpoints-classical, behavioral, and quantitative.
Contemporary. The contemporary perspective also includes three viewpoints-systems, contingency, and quality management.
classical viewpoint which emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, had two branches – scientific and administrative
– each of which is identified with particular pioneering theorists. In
general, classical management assumes that people are rational.
Scientific management emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.
Administrative management concerned with managing the total organization.
What 3 viewpoints fall under the HISTORICAL perspective of management? Classical, behavioral, and quantitative
Behavioral viewpoint emphasized
the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating
employees toward achievement. Developed over three phases: (1) early
behaviorism, (2) the human relations movement, and (3) behavioral
science.
Human relations movement which proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity.
Theory X represents a pessimistic, negative view or workers.
In this view, workers are considered to be irresponsible, to be
resistant to change, to lack ambition, to hate work, and to want to be
led rather than led.
Theory Y represents the outlook of human relations proponents – an optimistic, positive view of workers.
In this view, workers are considered to be capable of accepting
responsibility, self-directions, and self-control and of being
imaginative and creative.
Behavioral science relies
on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior
that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
Quantitative management: the
application to management of quantitative techniques, such as
statistics and computer simulations. Two branches of quantitative
management are management science and operations management.
Management science focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.
Operations Management : focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively
Three contemporary management perspectives are (1) the systems, (2) the contingency, and (3) the quality-management viewpoints.
Systems viewpoint sees
organizations as a system, either open or closed, with inputs, outputs,
transformation processes, and feedback. Regards to organization as
systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common
purpose.
Contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager’s approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation
Quality-management viewpoint: Three Approaches Two traditional approaches: quality control – the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production and quality assurance – focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for zero defects. (TQM) total quality management, a comprehensive approach to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
Inputs 1. the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization’s goods or services.
Transformation processes 1.
the organization’s capabilities in management, internal processes,
and technology that are applied to converting inputs into outputs.
Outputs the products, services, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization.
Complexity theory study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems.